How Are Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) Calculated

Entomologists and agriculturalists study insects and plants to learn about our world. These scientists may try to use a species to improve human life, protect us from dangerous organisms, or even answer questions and solve problems. Crime scene insects are just one example of how helpful forensic entomology and similar fields of study can be. One way to get a better look at the development stages of a plant or insect in order to understand them more deeply is to calculate degree days. What Are Accumulated Degree Days? Degree days are a projection of organism development. They are a unit that represents the amount of time that an insect or other organism spends at a temperature above its lower development threshold and below its upper development threshold. If an insect spends 24 hours one degree above its lower development threshold or the temperature beneath which its development ceases, then one-degree day has been accumulated. The higher the temperature, the more degree days acquired for that period. How ADD Are Used Accumulated degree days, or ADD, can be used to determine whether the total heat requirement for a stage of development has been met for an organism or predict whether it will be reached. Farmers, gardeners, and forensic entomologists also use accumulated degree days to predict insect or plant development and success. These calculations can help scientists to understand the life of an organism by providing a helpful estimation of the total effect that temperature and time have on that organism. Every organism requires a predetermined number of days spent within its optimal temperature range for development in order to complete a stage of growth. Studying accumulated degree days offers a glimpse into the imperceptible growth of a plant or insect and this unit requires only a few simple calculations to obtain. Heres a simple method for calculating accumulated degree days. How to Calculate ADD There are several methods that can be used to calculate accumulated degree days. For most purposes, a simple method using the average daily temperature will produce an acceptable result. To calculate the accumulated degree days, take the minimum and maximum temperatures for the day and divide by 2 to get the average or mean temperature. If the result is greater than the threshold temperature, or the base temperature for development, subtract the threshold temperature from the average to get the accumulated degree days for that 24-hour period. If the average temperature did not exceed the threshold temperature, then no degree days were accumulated for that time period. Example Calculations Here are some example calculations for the alfalfa weevil, which has a threshold temperature of 48 degrees F, over the course of two days. Day One: The first day, the maximum temperature was 70 degrees F and the minimum temperature was 44 degrees F. We add these numbers (70 44) and divide by 2 to get an average daily temperature of 57 degrees F. Subtract the threshold temperature from this average (57 - 48) to find the accumulated degree days for day one—the answer is 9 ADD. Day Two: The maximum temperature was 72 degrees F on day two and the minimum temperature was 44 degrees F again. The average temperature for this day was then 58 degrees F. Subtracting the threshold temperature from 58, we get 10 ADD for the second day. Total: The total accumulated degree days is equal to 19, 9 ADD from day one and 10 ADD from day two.

Are scientific management and human relations approaches...

INTERGRATED BUSINESS Phase 3 Assignment Individual Essay Scientific Management and Human Relations Theory Lecturers : Ms.Nguyen Thu Thuy (Assoc.Prof.Dr) Mr.Hoang Anh Duy (MBA) Student name: Duong Viet Hoang Class: FB5B Student ID: 1205012124 Hanoi, March 2014 Table of content I. Introduction 1. Scientific management I.1 Definition I.2 Father of scientific management I.3 Over view of scientific management I.4 Objectives I.5 Theories of Taylor I.6 Other theorist about scientific management I.6.1 Frank and Lillian Gibreth I.6.2 Henry Grantt I.7 Pros and cons of†¦show more content†¦These studies were characterized by the use of a stopwatch to time a worker s sequence of motions, with the goal of determining the one best way to perform a job. Here is some main objectives: Improvement of efficiency and maximization of profit Increase size is desirable in order to obtain the advantages of the division of labor and specialization of tasks. 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Sample Assignment On Goal Setting - Click Now for Complete Solution

The Strata Manufacturing in 2010 became the composite company for fabricating aero structure. It is located in in Al Ain. It is part of the aerospace communication company owned by Mubadala. The company lives up to expectations nearly with its accomplices and customers to convey creative, financially savvy arrangements that join driving edge advancements, best work on assembling methods, and an incorporated production network to the worldwide aviation sector. The goal of the company is to make a differing, manageable, and cutting edge products to the world. Working as a technician in the company and a team leader, the goals of the company get to be divided and contributed by every employee in their sections of specialization. Every employee set the goals so as to align with that of the department as well as that of the entire company. The company goals can be categorized as immediate goals, short term goals, Intermediary goals, and long term goals. Immediate goals are set of goals that need accomplishment in a very short period of time. It is where instant results get to be seen attained. The duration ranges from hours to weeks. On the other hand, short term goals are goals that need accomplishment in a near future. The duration is usually within weeks and months. Long term goals are goals that need to be accomplished in a further future. It calls for planning and preparation and takes duration of more than twelve months. Goal setting any of the types of goals, it includes the improvement of an activity arrangement intended to propel and aide a man or gathering to attaining an objective. It can be guided by objective setting criteria (or guidelines, for example, SMART criteria. Goal setting is a noteworthy part of self-awareness and administration writing. According to research by Locke (2001), a more particular and yearning objectives lead to more execution of change than simple or general objectives. The length of the individual acknowledges the objective, can accomplish it, and does not have clashing objectives; there is a positive direct relationship between objective problem and errand execution (Grant, Anthony, 2012). As a team leader, the goals get attained by setting objectives that is going to influence results in four ways: Choice: goals and objectives tight consideration and direct endeavors to objective pertinent exercises, and far from saw undesirable and objective unessential activities. Effort: goals and objectives can prompt more exertion; for instance, if one ordinarily creates 4 gadgets an hour, and has the objective of creating 6, one may work more seriously towards the objective than one would in one way or another. Persistence: somebody gets to be more prone to work through setbacks if seeking after an objective. Cognition: goals and objectives can lead people to create and change their conduct. In my own capacity as a technician, I observe what Locke and Latham (2002) indicated as the means of attaining success through proper setting of goals. In attaining the short term goals in my docket, the first one is commitment to the set goals. Individuals perform better when they are focused on accomplishing certain objectives. Through a comprehension of the impact of objective setting on individual execution, associations have the capacity to utilize objective setting to profit reliable execution. The significance of the normal results of goal fulfillment, and reasonability toward one's conviction give one the capability to accomplish the objectives, and responsibility to others guarantees or engagements to others can unequivocally enhance duty. It impacts on the level of responsibility by how agreeable the individual is with the team leader allotting the objective. An outer variable can likewise be the good examples of the single person. Say on the off chance that they strive to be similar to their most loved player, the individual is more inclined to advance more push to their own work and objectives (Kegan et al., 2013). Inward variables can get from their support level in the work to attain to the objective. What they anticipate from themselves can either prosper their prosperity, or pulverize it. Additionally, the individual may need to seem better than their companions or rivals. They need to accomplish the objective the best and be known for it. The prize toward oneself of finishing an objective is normally one of the principle keys that keep people conferred (Locke, 2001). It is noted by Locke and Latham (2004) that goal setting hypothesis fails to hold "the issue of time perspective" if the viability of goal setting cannot be clarified by two parts of time management: the guideline of consistent losses. 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Significance of omens as seen in Dr Faustus and Julius Caesar Essay Example

Significance of omens as seen in Dr Faustus and Julius Caesar Paper The play Dr. Faustus, by Christopher Marlowe starts with a brief introduction by the chorus which gives the audience an insight into Faustuss life, up the point the story starts. Faustus like Caesar is a very ambitious man and like Caesar he too was born into a family base of stock from where he worked his way to the top. This growing ambition also makes Faustus waxen wings mount above his reach. This brings to mind the story of Icarus who too ended up like Faustus. Faustus acquires knowledge in all the areas possible for the human mind till he decides to try out something out of the unknown, something which would make him as good as God or better than Him. This thirst for supremacy makes him so dissatisfied that he pays the ultimate price, a pact with Lucifer for selling his soul in return for 24 years of the Devils service to him. He doesnt realize that wisdom is more important than knowledge and unknowingly strives after the impossible. This play features the devolvement of a scholar who couldve contributed significantly to society had he not been so focused with his self-centeredness. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of omens as seen in Dr Faustus and Julius Caesar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of omens as seen in Dr Faustus and Julius Caesar specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of omens as seen in Dr Faustus and Julius Caesar specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He undermines the authority of God and takes his future in his own hands and thereby violates the very essence of theology in his search for glory. His dissatisfaction leads him to necromancy and the dark arts. He becomes an acclaimed master at them, and during the time he spends with Mephistophilis at his service, he obtains all kinds of knowledge and power through his servant, he travels around the world and displays his power to the world wanting people to be awed by him. At many times during the play Faustus comes close to repent, he experiences doubt and despair but he always backs away at the last moment. The first scene of the play displays Faustus battle with his conscience; the Good Angel and the Evil Angel depict the entry of his struggle with his thoughts. The Good Angel advises him to lay that damned book aside and to steer away from the cursed path but Faustus doesnt pay heed. This is the first sign by which Faustus couldve avoided the tragic path which lay ahead of him. When Faustus encounters Mephistophilis for the first time, he has a talk with the devil and the humane side of Mephistophilis is shown, he hints with the choice of his words that hell isnt the kind of place one could enjoy. The audiences feel that the devil is trying to reach out to Faustus not to proceed further. It is rather ironic that a devil should be interested in his welfare. Mephistophilis continues in trying to stir Faustus guilt many times more during the play, but it becomes harder and harder for Faustus to revert back to his old ways because of the degradation of his moral values. When the Faustian Bargain was being signed by Faustus, his blood congeals. Following this is his soliloquy where he sounds his doubts for the audience to hear. This makes him think what might the staying of my blood portend? An inscription,Homo fuge meaning man, fly appears on his arm. This can be taken as a warning for him not to proceed further. The following scene sounds his agony at what he has done. There is another battle of conscience here and Faustus comes so close to repenting that he cries out: Ah, Christ, my Saviour, Seek to save distressed Faustus soul. The effect of these words is so much that Lucifer, the Prince of the East and Bezlebub themselves come from hell to pacify him from succumbing to repentance. They accomplish this by flattery, the power of persuasion. This is perhaps another one of the things Faustus has in common with Caesar, he is easily persuaded. Julius Caesar, by Shakespeare is a tragic play which deals with the murder of the protagonist Caesar in the Roman Era. Caesar, like Faustus is very ambitious. Caesar is a brilliant warrior but is unable to express the love for his people because of his higher position; he is more involved in matters of the State. So he isnt as devoted to the public as Brutus or the others. This along with his physical weakness is one of his short comings. The opening scene starts with Caesars victory over Pompeys blood. People are seen celebrating out in the streets and through the conversation between the tribunes: Flavius and Murellus, the audience can infer from this scene that a section of Roman society is resentful towards Caesar. Caesars position is such that he expects explicit obedience from everyone, nobody disobeys him; it denotes his power. This includes the Senate who fears Caesar could become more powerful and could take over the rule of Rome as King, thereby putting their positions in jeopardy. In Democracy, they had a free hand; they fear dictatorship or a one-man rule would result if Caesar isnt stopped. These growing feathers plucked from Caesars wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, Who else would soar above the view of men And keep us all in servile fearfulness, these lines depict the feelings of the tribunes towards Caesar. This is the reason for the decision of the senate for murdering Caesar, largely for personal gain. The following scene illustrates the Soothsayers meeting with him. The Soothsayer asks Caesar to beware the Ides of March. These are very strong words, and coming from a person who knows the future, this has a very strong impact on the audience. By now the audiences have inkling that there is growing discontent towards Caesars rule and so something will be done soon. The soothsayers premonition serves to intensify the dread and adds anticipation to the play. The Ides of March refers to the middle day in the month of March, the 15th. This is the first omen in the play which predicts the doom which would befall Caesar. Caesars reaction is rather casual and dismissive. The 3rd scene of Act 1 starts with thunder and lightening. It is observed that any of Shakespeares work where a scene starts with thunder and lightening depicts some sort of forthcoming disaster. This scene features the meeting between Casca and Cicero; Casca cites a few unnatural events such as the servant not getting burnt by the fire, the lion walking past him and leaving him unscathed, women claiming that men on fire walked around in the city, and the unusual occurrence of the bird of night in the market place who hooted and screeched even when it was noon time. The audience defers these incidences to Cascas hallucinations due to fear but they can also be taken as signs that the wrath of the Gods is upon them, as it is after their decided course of action that all the Senators (except Brutus who acts due to honorable reasons) meet with a grim fate, they are beheaded. As the audience get deeper and deeper into the plot, many more signs come to light; the audience can feel that the hand of fate is drawing to a close that what is about to happen. In most of the cases when the omens appear the characters undeniably ignore them and this proves their own strength and valor at facing it because they do not trudge along a path when it is shown to them but use their own free will to decide their own course of action. They let destiny take its own route and act according to what they feel and perceive. The other omens are dead men walking, sacrificed animals that lack hearts and Calpurnias dream of Caesars statue running with blood and people washing their hands in his blood with smiles on their faces; the lattermost omen is depicted in Act 2, Scene 2. This reflects the actions and perceptions of the other members of the Senate. Caesar comes to believe that Calpurnia has clearly misinterpreted her dream. He believes he is willfully acting for the right cause by attending the meeting that day when this is what leads to his fated death.

Economic Reform essays

Economic Reform essays The Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history. It ranked as the worst and longest period of high unemployment and low business activity in modern times. The depression began in late 1929 and lasted for about a decade. Many factors led to the onset and continuation of the depression; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of uneven distribution of wealth throughout the 1920's, and the extensive stock market speculation that took place later during the same decade. Money was distributed intermittently between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy. Other factors included overproduction and Americans not receiving wages to purchase those goods, foreign tariffs, and the federal reserves tight money polices. Not only was the United states being affected by the economy, the people were as well. The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes. Black Thursday became known to Americans on October 24th of 1929. Thousands of stockholders lost large sums of money. Many of these stockholders were even wiped out. Banks, factories, and stores closed and left millions of Americans jobless and penniless. During this period, Americans lost their money from banks shutting down because their money was not ensured. As the losses added up, suicide, violence, and divorce rates sky rocketed. During the Great Depression, radio brought Americans together in a mental aspect. Every Saturday night families would gather around to listen to President Roosevelts fire side chats. Since television was not invented yet, Roosevelt would give speeches over the radio to keep Americans updated on what was going on in Ameri ...

Free Essays on Geronimo

Profound sense of history has long compelled the Indian peoples of the Great Plains of North America to chronicle their lives pictorially. Their paintings on rock walls, buffalo hide robes and tipis provided records of history, experiences and visions. A man’s exploits in war or success in the hunt would be painted on his garments and on his shelter to validate and memorialize his heroic deeds In the mid-19th century, Plains men broke with the hide and rock painting traditions of the past and adopted a new, smaller-scale medium for their pictorial histories: they began to draw on paper. They obtained pencils, crayons, and watercolors from white explorers and traders who had trickled across the continent early in the century, and later from the military men and Indian agents who swept across the Mississippi in the second half of the century in an unstoppable wave that changed Plains Indian life irrevocably. Plains Indian Drawings, 1865-1935: Pages from a Visual History, organized by The Drawing Center, New York, and The American Federation of Arts, is the first large-scale exhibition to survey this tradition as it existed among Lakota, Cheyenne, Arapaho and Kiowa peoples, and to consider these drawings as an artistic genre unto itself. It will travel to three other museums in the United States during 1996-97. 1. Julian Scott Ledger Artist A, Kiowa, "Kiowa Couples," 1880. Pencil, ink and colored pencil, 7 1/2 x 12 inches. Collection Mr. and Mrs. Charles Diker. Western-produced paper was used by Indian artists of the Great Plains as early as the 1830s as a new surface on which to draw and record the profound changes that were occurring around them. The large bound ledger book, used for inventory by traders and military officers, became a common canvas for the renderings of Indian artists, although autograph books, sketchbooks, note paper, recycled stationery and other paper materials were also utilized. Sometimes pencils... Free Essays on Geronimo Free Essays on Geronimo Profound sense of history has long compelled the Indian peoples of the Great Plains of North America to chronicle their lives pictorially. Their paintings on rock walls, buffalo hide robes and tipis provided records of history, experiences and visions. A man’s exploits in war or success in the hunt would be painted on his garments and on his shelter to validate and memorialize his heroic deeds In the mid-19th century, Plains men broke with the hide and rock painting traditions of the past and adopted a new, smaller-scale medium for their pictorial histories: they began to draw on paper. They obtained pencils, crayons, and watercolors from white explorers and traders who had trickled across the continent early in the century, and later from the military men and Indian agents who swept across the Mississippi in the second half of the century in an unstoppable wave that changed Plains Indian life irrevocably. Plains Indian Drawings, 1865-1935: Pages from a Visual History, organized by The Drawing Center, New York, and The American Federation of Arts, is the first large-scale exhibition to survey this tradition as it existed among Lakota, Cheyenne, Arapaho and Kiowa peoples, and to consider these drawings as an artistic genre unto itself. It will travel to three other museums in the United States during 1996-97. 1. Julian Scott Ledger Artist A, Kiowa, "Kiowa Couples," 1880. Pencil, ink and colored pencil, 7 1/2 x 12 inches. Collection Mr. and Mrs. Charles Diker. Western-produced paper was used by Indian artists of the Great Plains as early as the 1830s as a new surface on which to draw and record the profound changes that were occurring around them. The large bound ledger book, used for inventory by traders and military officers, became a common canvas for the renderings of Indian artists, although autograph books, sketchbooks, note paper, recycled stationery and other paper materials were also utilized. Sometimes pencils...

Jury Selection Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jury Selection Process - Essay Example (Kressel & Kressel, 2002) Since then it has experienced a growth spurt since its inception in the early 1970s. It has also received substantial publicity in the news media, e.g., for its use by the defense in the O.J. Simpson criminal trial in 1995. This relatively new field is controversial: questions exist about its effectiveness, its fairness and the fact that it is virtually unregulated. Evidence from academia largely indicates that scientific jury selection does no good, yet the market for such services continues to flourish. What methods do jury selection experts employ What are the bases for the controversy surrounding this "hot" field What, if any, solutions have been suggested to alleviate these concerns In jury selection, social scientists gain prominence but jury consultancy remains controversial in both the legal and social scientific communities (Stolle, Robbenolt & Wiener, 1996). Trial consultants have relied on a variety of methods in jury selection, including "scientific statistical methodology, folklore, pops psychology [and] astrology" (Boudouris, 1993, p. 4). However, there is also the gut feel as remarked by O.J. Simpson's attorney Jo-Ellan Dimitrius. (Dimitrius & Mazzarella, 1998, p. xiii). Traditional jury selection in most jurisdictions consists of three stages. The first stage involves the creation of a list of citizens eligible for jury duty, followed by selection of a sample of those persons to be summoned to court. The third stage occurs in court. In a process called voir dire, potential jurors are questioned either individually or in a group, sometimes by attorneys but often by the presiding judge. When jury selection experts are called in to help, they use a variety of techniques to assist in the selection of the jury that will be most favorable to, or, usually, least biased against, their side The tools at a trial consultant's disposal include community surveys, focus groups, mock trials, pretrial investigations of prospective jurors, and voir dire assistance. The widespread use of these methods indicates that SJS experts rely to a greater extent on attitudes and values than on demographic predictors, such as race, ethnicity, age, gender, religion, socio-economic status and occupation, as predictors in jury decision-making (Penrod, 1990). Sophisticated statistical techniques, including factor analysis and multiple regressions, are often used to make predictions about jury decision-making from survey data. (Strier, 1999, p. 96). Trial consultants also frequently employ pretrial investigations of prospective jurors. This type of pretrial investigation takes two forms: community network modeling and surveillance. Community network modeling consists of contacting prospective jurors' coworkers or neighbors, or people in the community who are affiliated with the same school, church, or club as a prospective juror. Surveillance includes drive-by observations and photograph- taking of a prospective juro